Dating back, to the expansion and renewal of civilization, that had occured during the second and third waives of civilization.   little fundamental change had occured. one key reason for this, was the peasants who were made to work all day for the landowners.  did not want to invest their effort in creating new forms of production where they would recieve no praise. Emotions that come up for them , would be anger and hurt,to be disrespected.  if they were not going to be gaining any wealth or power from this why should they help people who are ordering them to do without paying them or praising them. On the other hand,  landowners relied on the peasants for work, and they would earn their economic gains by selling the items that the peasant farmers made.
In the second and third era populations grew- with this the size of the states or empires that structured civilizations grew. philosophical and religious systems are the product of 2-3 waive civilizations.
During this time with the growth of civilizations is when trade force was brought into actions and people were making connections with one another for items. the Silk road trade which was a big trade force was a technological achievement, that made many societies come together and made it possible for their economical trade force. items such as wool, lace, fruits and vegetables to name a few.
The persian empire was the most impressive.
New religions came about in different civilizations. Religion is a double edged sword that both supports and undermines political authority and social elites. With this came about people with mixed feelings and did not support the authority of empires, with this came clash and a collapse of empires. When people were leaving their civilizations to get rid of "authority" many of them moved to china. In china different ways of properly gaining social order people believed in a legalist answer- this would be setting up rules and laws and having punishments for not obeying the law. another way people saw how to create social order was Daoist thinking- emphasized the importance of education and earnest striving for moral improvement and good judgement. In my own personal opinion I believe the legalist way of gaining social structure would work the best. If you had set down specific laws and rules, and without obeying them you would get punished people would understand what is right and what is wrong and what their concequence would be.